How should a tension pneumothorax be treated if suspected?

When a tension pneumothorax is suspected, the most critical immediate intervention is to perform a needle decompression. This condition occurs when air becomes trapped in the pleural space, leading to increased pressure that can compromise venous return to the heart and ultimately affect respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Needle decompression involves using a large-bore cannula, typically 14-gauge, and inserting it into the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the affected side. This procedure allows trapped air to escape and alleviates the pressure on the thoracic cavity, restoring normal respiratory mechanics and improving hemodynamics. Quick recognition and treatment of a tension pneumothorax are vital to prevent severe complications such as cardiovascular collapse.

While direct pressure to the chest may benefit other types of injuries, it will not relieve the pressure created by a tension pneumothorax. Administering IV fluids is not an appropriate primary treatment for this condition, as fluids do not address the underlying problem of air trapped in the pleural space. Similarly, inserting a nasogastric tube may be useful in other contexts, such as in cases of abdominal trauma, but it does not effectively treat a tension pneumothorax and could potentially complic